Cost Optimization in Layer 2 Rollups via EIP‐4844: A Gas Efficiency and Economic Analysis

ABSTRACT As decentralised applications (dApps) and decentralised finance (DeFi) gain widespread adoption on Ethereum, scalability and transaction costs have emerged as critical challenges. Layer 2 (L2) rollups are promising solutions for improving scalability, but they suffer from significant gas costs due to the need for data availability on Ethereum Layer 1 (L1). Proto‐Danksharding ( EIP‐4844) introduces blob transactions to reduce calldata costs, providing a new avenue for cost optimisation.

This paper presents a comprehensive gas efficiency and economic analysis of EIP‐4844's impact on Layer 2 rollups, providing mathematical models, simulation results, and architectural diagrams to illustrate the improvements in gas costs and system design.