The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years
Íñigo Olalde, Swapan Kumar Mallick, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Vanessa Villalba‐Mouco, Marina Soares Da Silva, Katharina Dulias, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Francesca Gandini, Maria Pala, Pedro A. Soares, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Daniel de Lima Ruas Fernandes, Ann Marie Lawson, Matthew Mah, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Zhao Zhang, Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas, Isidro Jorge Toro Moyano, Domingo C. Salazar‐García, Pere Castanyer, Marta Santos, Joaquim Tremoleda i Trilla, Marina Lozano, Pablo García Borja, Javier Fernández Eraso, José Antonio Mujika Alustiza, Cecilio Barroso Ruíz, Francisco Javier Parra Bermúdez, Enrique Viguera, Josep Burch, Neus Coromina, David Vivó i Codina, Artur Cebrià, Josep María Fullola i Pericot, Oreto García Puchol, Juan Ignacio Morales, F. Xavier Oms, Tona Majó, Josep María Vergès, Antònia Díaz-Carvajal, Imma Ollich-Castanyer, F. Javier López-Cachero, Ana María Silva, Carmen Alonso Fernández, Germán Delibes de Castro, Javier Jiménez Echevarría, Adolfo Moreno Márquez, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga, Pablo Ramos‐García, José Ramos Muñoz, Eduardo Vijande Vila, Gustau Aguilella, Ángel Esparza Arroyo, Katina T. Lillios, Jennifer Mack, Javier Velasco Vázquez, A.J. Waterman, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich, María Benito Sánchez, Bibiana Agustí, Ferran Grau i Codina, Gabriel de Prado, Almudena Estalrrich, Álvaro Fernández Flores, Clive Finlayson, Geraldine Finlayson, Stewart Finlayson, Francisco Giles Guzmán, Antonio Rosas, Virginia Barciela González, Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez, Armando Llanos, Yolanda Carrión Marco, Isabel Collado Beneyto, David López Serrano, Mario Sanz Tormo, António Carlos Valera, Concepción Blasco, Corina Liesau von Lettow‐Vorbeck, Patricia Ríos Mendoza, Joan Daura, María Jesús de Pedro Michó, Agustín Diez Castillo, Raúl Flores Fernández, Joan Francès i Farré, Rafael Garrido Peña, Victor S. Gonçalves, Elisa Guerra Doce, Ana Mercedes Herrero Corral, Joaquim Juan-Cabanilles, Dani López, Sarah Barbara McClure, Marta Pérez, Arturo Oliver Foix, Montserrat Sanz, Ana Catarina Sousa, Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas, Douglas J. Kennett, Martin B Richards, Kurt W. Alt, Wolfgang Haak, Ron Pinhasi, Carles Lalueza‐Fox, David Emil Reich
Science · 2019 · 인용 586
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.
We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.