The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia.
de Barros Damgaard Peter, Martiniano Rui, Kamm Jack, Moreno-Mayar J Víctor, Kroonen Guus, Peyrot Michaël, Barjamovic Gojko, Rasmussen Simon, Zacho Claus, Baimukhanov Nurbol, Zaibert Victor, Merz Victor, Biddanda Arjun, Merz Ilja, Loman Valeriy, Evdokimov Valeriy, Usmanova Emma, Hemphill Brian, Seguin-Orlando Andaine, Yediay Fulya Eylem, Ullah Inam, Sjögren Karl-Göran, Iversen Katrine Højholt, Choin Jeremy, de la Fuente Constanza, Ilardo Melissa, Schroeder Hannes, Moiseyev Vyacheslav, Gromov Andrey, Polyakov Andrei, Omura Sachihiro, Senyurt Süleyman Yücel, Ahmad Habib, McKenzie Catriona, Margaryan Ashot, Hameed Abdul, Samad Abdul, Gul Nazish, Khokhar Muhammad Hassan, Goriunova O I, Bazaliiskii Vladimir I, Novembre John, Weber Andrzej W, Orlando Ludovic, Allentoft Morten E, Nielsen Rasmus, Kristiansen Kristian, Sikora Martin, Outram Alan K, Durbin Richard, Willerslev Eske
Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018 · PMID 29743352 · 인용 458
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture.
We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.