The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.
Olalde Iñigo, Mallick Swapan, Patterson Nick, Rohland Nadin, Villalba-Mouco Vanessa, Silva Marina, Dulias Katharina, Edwards Ceiridwen J, Gandini Francesca, Pala Maria, Soares Pedro, Ferrando-Bernal Manuel, Adamski Nicole, Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen, Cheronet Olivia, Culleton Brendan J, Fernandes Daniel, Lawson Ann Marie, Mah Matthew, Oppenheimer Jonas, Stewardson Kristin, Zhang Zhao, Jiménez Arenas Juan Manuel, Toro Moyano Isidro Jorge, Salazar-García Domingo C, Castanyer Pere, Santos Marta, Tremoleda Joaquim, Lozano Marina, García Borja Pablo, Fernández-Eraso Javier, Mujika-Alustiza José Antonio, Barroso Cecilio, Bermúdez Francisco J, Viguera Mínguez Enrique, Burch Josep, Coromina Neus, Vivó David, Cebrià Artur, Fullola Josep Maria, García-Puchol Oreto, Morales Juan Ignacio, Oms F Xavier, Majó Tona, Vergès Josep Maria, Díaz-Carvajal Antònia, Ollich-Castanyer Imma, López-Cachero F Javier, Silva Ana Maria, Alonso-Fernández Carmen, Delibes de Castro Germán, Jiménez Echevarría Javier, Moreno-Márquez Adolfo, Pascual Berlanga Guillermo, Ramos-García Pablo, Ramos-Muñoz José, Vijande Vila Eduardo, Aguilella Arzo Gustau, Esparza Arroyo Ángel, Lillios Katina T, Mack Jennifer, Velasco-Vázquez Javier, Waterman Anna, Benítez de Lugo Enrich Luis, Benito Sánchez María, Agustí Bibiana, Codina Ferran, de Prado Gabriel, Estalrrich Almudena, Fernández Flores Álvaro, Finlayson Clive, Finlayson Geraldine, Finlayson Stewart, Giles-Guzmán Francisco, Rosas Antonio, Barciela González Virginia, García Atiénzar Gabriel, Hernández Pérez Mauro S, Llanos Armando, Carrión Marco Yolanda, Collado Beneyto Isabel, López-Serrano David, Sanz Tormo Mario, Valera António C, Blasco Concepción, Liesau Corina, Ríos Patricia, Daura Joan, de Pedro Michó María Jesús, Diez-Castillo Agustín A, Flores Fernández Raúl, Francès Farré Joan, Garrido-Pena Rafael, Gonçalves Victor S, Guerra-Doce Elisa, Herrero-Corral Ana Mercedes, Juan-Cabanilles Joaquim, López-Reyes Daniel, McClure Sarah B, Merino Pérez Marta, Oliver Foix Arturo, Sanz Borràs Montserrat, Sousa Ana Catarina, Vidal Encinas Julio Manuel, Kennett Douglas J, Richards Martin B, Werner Alt Kurt, Haak Wolfgang, Pinhasi Ron, Lalueza-Fox Carles, Reich David
Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2019 · PMID 30872528 · 인용 586
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.
We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.